Reliability-based design
optimization is to employ
numerical optimization
algorithms to obtain optimal
designs ensuring reliability

Prognostics and health
management is to evaluate
the current health condition
and predict the future
degradation behavior of an
engineered system.

Energy harvesting converts
ambient, otherwise wasted,
energy into electric power to
realize self-powered wireless
sensors and portable
electronics.

Model verification
and validation is the processes
that provide evidence of the
correctness and/or accuracy
of computational results.